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Showing posts from April, 2024

HDMI wiring and pinout

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  Much like USB, HDMI has several different types of plugs and ports. Type A is the standard one. A trapezoidal port with two rows of pins, top and bottom, totals 19 pins. It can be found anywhere, from gaming consoles to CCTV servers and TVs. Type B, Dual-Link. The same height, but twice the length of type A, hasn't been used in any products. Type C, mini HDMI. A scaled-down version of the original port is intended for portable devices like laptops. Type-D, micro HDMI. Even a smaller version looks like a mini USB plug. It is used in GoPros and ultra-portable computers the size of a Macbook Air at the time (like the Asus eeePC or various Windows 'ultrabooks'). micro HDMI and mini USB on a GoPro 3+ Every single type of HDMI port (except the dual type B one) has a total of 19 pins. The first eight are for data, and the rest are for power, clocks, and additional functions. That means the most basic functions of video transmission can be carried out by just five pins. MHL, or M

LED strip amplifier / LED amplifier / RGB amplifier. Features, problems, choice.

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What is the difference between LED strip amplifiers, LED amplifiers, and RGB amplifiers? Only in words and channels. LED strip amplifier is a general definition. An LED amplifier usually refers to a single-channel device that operates with a white light strip. Another name is the DC amplifier. WW LED Amplifier is a dual channel device for warm and cool white light temperature strips. An RGB amplifier is a three-channel device that produces red, green, and blue color strips. The RGBW amplifier is a four-channel device for red, green, and blue color strips, with additional white LEDs. The RGBWW amplifier is a five-channel device for red, green, and blue color strips, with additional warm and cool white LEDs. Why do you need LED amplifiers? Conductors always have resistance. Imagine we want to install an LED strip around a 500-square-foot room (16*32 feet). We need 96 feet of LED strip, and it is impossible (!) to connect it to the power supply at one point (!). Why? For example, a strip

Finding branches using a reflectometer

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  As you know, a data cabling system consists of different segments. To connect them all and bring the data connection to the end user, it is necessary to make a certain number of crossings. Often, staff forgets to disconnect "old" lines. As a result, over time, parallel branches appear, and their presence can have a detrimental effect on the quality of services. BRANCHES AS A SOURCE OF PROBLEMS Parallel branches can make it difficult to serve clients and ensure system functionality. With the introduction of digital systems, the search for parallel branches becomes an increasingly important task since they negatively affect the operation of digital transmission systems and, even if in most cases they are relatively short in length, nevertheless lead to significant problems. The bramch creates a second path for digital signals transmitted on the main line, which travel along the branch and are reflected from its open end. Reflected signals (echoes) enter the main line, where t

Power control unit for testing

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Scheme Element functions: J1 - AC grid input  J2 - oscilloscope connection, current monitoring J3 - output for power supply under test SW1 - circuit sensitivity switch for measuring Inrush current SW2 - zero-cross switching on and off SW3 - instant switching on and off for inrush current measurements T1 - current transformer, 10A, 1:1000 U1 - Solid State Relay, zero-cross, controlling voltage 90–250 VAC AC-synchronized switching on and off If the device requires zero-cross on-off switching, the operator should use SW2, while SW3 should be open. In this case, the SW1 should be switched to the lower position according to the diagram. Then, 10A of the grid current will correspond to the connector J2 voltage equal to 1V. In synchronous mode, the on state of SW2 corresponds to a continuous mode; the value of the source current can be easily measured by briefly connecting the ammeter to the output terminals of SSR U1 without changing the position of the switches. With this measurement method

Marshall Guv`nor: a Pedal that sounds like a Tube Stack

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  To be more accurate, it sounds like a valve stack; after all, it is a British pedal imitating British Marshall amplifiers. Don't tell anyone because it's a secret: when creating his JTM45, Jim Marshall actually copied the circuitry of a 1959 Fender Tweed Bassman 5F6-A. And Mr. Marshall also equipped his first 50-watt combo amplifier, a 1961 JMP Tremolo “Bluesbreaker,” with four 10-inch speakers. The iconic 2x12" version was made a year later. Tolex instead of tweed, a horizontal arrangement of tubes, and ring-shaped loudspeaker magnets—the differences end there. But why does the British Marshall sound so different from the American Fender? Is the difference really just the Celestion speakers instead of the Jenhsen ones with their U-shaped magnetic core? The stronger magnetic field of British loudspeakers compresses the sound's dynamic range to a significant extent. One can compare the waveforms recorded with the Shure SM57 microphone from the 12" Celestion G12M